Predators/Prey- 35° 8'4.70"N 35° 8'4.70"N

Cougar: In the Mediterranean forests of California, there are several species of big cats, including the cougar. It is also known as a puma, mountain lion, and mountain cat. They prey on deer, elk, and small rodents as well as domestic animals such as cows and sheep. 

Brown Bears: All around the Mediterranean Sea, around Greece and Albania, is the hone of the brown bear. The most common subspecies around this area would be the Eurasian brown bear, which feeds on salmon and mammals of various sizes, depending on the size of the bear. Such mammals could include rabbits, groundhogs, mice, deer, and mountain goats. 

Golden Eagle: The golden eagle is found all year round in Spain. The can maintain territories up to 60 square miles. They prey on animals such as rabbits, ground squirrels, and prairie dogs. Also they eat mice, martens, and foxes. 

Biogeographical Cycles- 37°25'41.26"N 15°15'14.79"E

The Hydrologic Cycle

 

In the Mediterranean biome, the locations of large water sources such as the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean effect the water cycle.

Carbon Cycle

The Nitrogen Cycle

The abundance of plants such as oak trees raise the nitrogen level in the soil.

Phosphorous Cycle

Introduced Species- 41°34'43.88"N 29°45'20.21"E

Mnemiopsis leidyi is a species of comb jellyfish that was originally native to western Atlantic waters. It was introduced to the Black Sea in the 1980s, where only one species of comb jelly existed. The most likely cause of its introduction is accidentally by merchant ships' ballast water.Since then it has made its way around the Mediterranean Basin. The damage it has cost is still uknown, but it has triggered the catastrophic collapse of local fisheries and overwhelmed the ecosystem.



Foodweb- 39°39'26.99"N 0°23'35.52"W

Sage

Hare          Mice

Red Fox    Phasianidae   Grass Snake

Brown Bear     Cougar     Golden Eagle    Lynx

Rainfall- 41°53'43.68"N 12°28'56.37"E

Month	Average Sunlight (hours)	Temperature				Discomfort from heat and humidity	Relative humidity		Average Precipitation (mm)	Wet Days (+0.25 mm)
		Average		Record
		Min	Max	Min	Max		am	pm
Jan	4	5	11	-5	19	-	85	68	71	8
Feb	4	5	13	-6	20	-	86	64	62	9
March	6	7	15	-2	23	-	83	56	57	8
April	7	10	19	1	26	-	83	54	51	6
May	8	13	23	3	31	-	77	54	46	5
June	9	17	28	10	36	Medium	74	48	37	4
July	11	20	30	12	36	Medium	70	42	15	1
Aug	10	20	30	12	40	Medium	73	43	21	2
Sept	8	17	26	11	33	Moderate	83	50	63	5
Oct	6	13	22	4	29	-	86	59	99	8
Nov	4	9	16	-1	23	-	87	66	129	11
Dec	4	6	13	-3	19	-	85	70	93	10

Above is the average precipitation and temperature in Rome, Italy.

Month	Average Sunlight (hours)	Temperature				Discomfort from heat and humidity	Relative humidity		Average Precipitation (mm)	Wet Days (+0.25 mm)
		Average		Record
		Min	Max	Min	Max		am	pm
Jan	5	6	13	-2	23	-	74	61	31	5
Feb	6	7	14	-7	21	-	71	58	39	5
March	6	9	16	1	24	-	75	60	48	8
April	7	11	18	4	28	-	73	59	43	9
May	8	14	21	5	32	-	72	59	54	8
June	9	18	25	11	35	Moderate	68	59	37	6
July	10	21	28	14	35	Medium	70	59	27	4
Aug	9	21	28	13	36	Medium	75	63	49	6
Sept	7	19	25	10	32	Moderate	79	66	76	7
Oct	5	15	21	5	28	-	77	64	86	9
Nov	4	11	16	3	25	-	75	64	52	6
Dec	4	8	13	-3	21	-	72	62	45	6

Above is the average precipitation and temperature of Barcelona, Spain.

Month	Average Sunlight (hours)	Temperature				Discomfort from heat and humidity	Relative humidity		Average Precipitation (mm)	Wet Days (+0.25 mm)
		Average		Record
		Min	Max	Min	Max		am	pm
Jan	5	7	13	-2	26	-	85	69	119	11
Feb	7	8	15	1	27	-	84	66	97	11
March	8	9	16	1	30	-	83	61	79	10
April	10	9	17	4	32	-	83	61	38	6
May	11	11	17	6	36	-	85	62	18	4
June	11	11	19	8	38	-	88	64	3	2
July	10	12	18	8	37	-	91	69	0	0
Aug	9	12	18	8	33	-	92	70	0	0
Sept	9	13	21	8	38	-	88	63	8	2
Oct	8	12	20	6	36	-	85	58	25	4
Nov	7	11	17	3	28	-	83	60	64	7
Dec	6	8	14	-3	23	-	83	68	112	10

Above is the average precipitation and temperature of San Fransisco, California.

Type of Soil in Mediterranean- 32°50'16.71"N 22°15'15.66"E

Leptosols, Cambisols, Regosols, Luvisols, Nitisols, Vertisols, Gypsisols, Calcisols are all types of soil found in the Mediterranean biome. 

Leptosols- Shallow soils over continuous rock

Cambisols- texture in the fine earth fraction of very fine sand, loamy very fine sand, or finerand soil structure or absence of rock structure in half or more of the volume of the fine earth

Regosols-  eroding landscapes, landscapes that are rejuvenating, or landscapes where erosion products are deposited mainly by gravitational forces.

Luvisols- Soils with an argic horizon, CEC ≥ 24 cmolc kg-1 clay, and base saturation ≥ 50%

 

Nitisols- high aggregate stability, mainly due to high iron content, which makes them not too vulnerable to erosion. The same high iron content is responsible for their high P-fixing capacity

 

Vertisols- occur mainly in low-lying, more or less level landscape positions where climates prevail with alternating wet-dry conditions.

Gypsisols- occur in the drier parts of the Mediterranean region, particularly in the eastern part  and North Africa. Locally they are also found in Spain.

Calcisols- calcium carbonate is present in the soil

Abiotic and Biotic Factors of the Mediterranean- 39°28'13.98"N 16°17'46.46"E

Abiotic Factors: hot, dry summers, cool-moist winters; thin, nutrient-poor soils; and periodic fires. Location: Primarily in coastal areas with Mediterranean climates. About 300 N and S of the equator.

Biotic Factors: Mostly low-lying shrubs and small trees, many plants have leathery leaves to resist water loss, many plant species have oils in leaves to help them resist fire...the fire will take out “weaker” plants that don’t belong. For animals, camouflage, to avoid predation. Food, many animals will change their diet as the season changes.