Interesting Characteristic- 41° 53′ 36″ N, 12° 28′ 59″ E

One of the greatest empires was located in the Mediterranean biome, the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire reigned from 625 BC–AD 476. Rome was very successful because of its superior military authority. That is the main influential factor that cemented Roman power for many years. Also, the Romans had a very effective senate. The government was mostly a republic, which was desirable over the barbarians and tyrants that were also around.

Coevolutionary Mechanisms- 38° 9'9.89"N 0°40'31.74"W

Camouflage: Mediterranean House Gecko blends in with surroundings because of its tan color.

Secondary Compound: Spanish broom or Spartium junceum is a brightly colored shrub found in dry, sandy soils. In the hot, dry, summer, it sheds its leaves to help conserve water. The stems are photosynthetic.

Organism Relationships- 36° 8'44.83"N 31°34'45.02"E

Mutualism: Cows benefit from the cellulase produced by bacteria in their intestines while bacteria benefit from stable supply of nutrients

Parasitism: Mediterranean wood-boring bees make their nest in tree's and other wood, causing extensive damage.

Commensalism: Leptanilla army ants walk on a forest floor, stirring up other flying insects. Birds follow the ants and eat the insects

Competition: Monk seals are very territorial when they mate, so when another male is trying to mate with his female, they could fight. This is interference competition.

Limiting Factors- 34°50'41.48"N 120° 8'2.15"W

Density Independent:
A factor that affects the size of a population independent or regardless of the population density.
Examples:
Forest fires destroy habitats
Hot, dry summers could become a drought

Density Dependent:
A factor whose effects on the size or growth of population vary with the population density.
Examples:
Over-grazing could cause food shortage
Predation- The decline of one population of animals could mean an steep incline in another

Eco-tourism- 36° 3'36.54"N 16°15'12.62"E

Five things I would like people to know about the Mediterranean biome are:

1) The Mediterranean is one of the only biomes that can be  found on several continents, North America, Africa, Europe and Austrialia

2) The Mediterranean is the worlds leading tourist destination

3) It has a diversity of places to go things to see such as mountains, the ocean, and forests

4) The Mediterranean Sea is the world's largest inland sea, about 965,000 square miles

5) Some of the most ancient civilizations flourished around the Mediterranean 

Primary/Secondary Succession 36° 25′ 12″ N, 25° 25′ 54″ E

Primary: The eruption of the island Thera in the Mediterranean Sea in 1623 B.C. destroyed the Minoan civilization, changing the coarse of Western civilization. Geological evidence shows the Thera volcano erupted numerous times over several hundred thousand years before the Minoan eruption. Recent research by a team of international scientists in 2006 revealed that the volume of ejecta was approximately 100 km³ placing the Volcanic Explosivity Index of the Thera eruption at 6 or 7.

Secondary: Fire is the cause of much of the secondary succession in the Mediterranean biome. In California, the evidence of secondary succession is that the forests affected by fire grow back relatively quickly because the root systems undisturbed in the soil, stumps and other plant parts from previously existing plants can rapidly regenerate.

Human Influence- 34°35'50.06"N 119°30'38.78"W

Pollutants: There are many heavy industry complexes and large commercial harbours situated in the north-west area of the Mediterranean. These harbours are being affected by toxic and persistent pollutants.

Habitat Destruction: The population of areas around European Mediterranean forests is rapidly increasing. Also, tourism is increasing around these areas. Forests and shrub lands are being destroyed to create room for housing developments and hotels. 

Fires: All over the Mediterranean biome cause great damage. In California alone, there have been 6,873 fires in the last five years destroying about 248,916 acres. Due to these fires, many animal species have lost their homes, and their source of food.

 

In the future, all these influences could cause permanent harm to the biome. Plant and animal species could suffer or even become extinct. Also, the beautiful wilderness that brings tourists in many parts of Europe could be damaged, losing hundreds of thousands of dollars.

Predators/Prey- 35° 8'4.70"N 35° 8'4.70"N

Cougar: In the Mediterranean forests of California, there are several species of big cats, including the cougar. It is also known as a puma, mountain lion, and mountain cat. They prey on deer, elk, and small rodents as well as domestic animals such as cows and sheep. 

Brown Bears: All around the Mediterranean Sea, around Greece and Albania, is the hone of the brown bear. The most common subspecies around this area would be the Eurasian brown bear, which feeds on salmon and mammals of various sizes, depending on the size of the bear. Such mammals could include rabbits, groundhogs, mice, deer, and mountain goats. 

Golden Eagle: The golden eagle is found all year round in Spain. The can maintain territories up to 60 square miles. They prey on animals such as rabbits, ground squirrels, and prairie dogs. Also they eat mice, martens, and foxes. 

Biogeographical Cycles- 37°25'41.26"N 15°15'14.79"E

The Hydrologic Cycle

 

In the Mediterranean biome, the locations of large water sources such as the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean effect the water cycle.

Carbon Cycle

The Nitrogen Cycle

The abundance of plants such as oak trees raise the nitrogen level in the soil.

Phosphorous Cycle

Introduced Species- 41°34'43.88"N 29°45'20.21"E

Mnemiopsis leidyi is a species of comb jellyfish that was originally native to western Atlantic waters. It was introduced to the Black Sea in the 1980s, where only one species of comb jelly existed. The most likely cause of its introduction is accidentally by merchant ships' ballast water.Since then it has made its way around the Mediterranean Basin. The damage it has cost is still uknown, but it has triggered the catastrophic collapse of local fisheries and overwhelmed the ecosystem.



Foodweb- 39°39'26.99"N 0°23'35.52"W

Sage

Hare          Mice

Red Fox    Phasianidae   Grass Snake

Brown Bear     Cougar     Golden Eagle    Lynx

Rainfall- 41°53'43.68"N 12°28'56.37"E

Month	Average Sunlight (hours)	Temperature				Discomfort from heat and humidity	Relative humidity		Average Precipitation (mm)	Wet Days (+0.25 mm)
		Average		Record
		Min	Max	Min	Max		am	pm
Jan	4	5	11	-5	19	-	85	68	71	8
Feb	4	5	13	-6	20	-	86	64	62	9
March	6	7	15	-2	23	-	83	56	57	8
April	7	10	19	1	26	-	83	54	51	6
May	8	13	23	3	31	-	77	54	46	5
June	9	17	28	10	36	Medium	74	48	37	4
July	11	20	30	12	36	Medium	70	42	15	1
Aug	10	20	30	12	40	Medium	73	43	21	2
Sept	8	17	26	11	33	Moderate	83	50	63	5
Oct	6	13	22	4	29	-	86	59	99	8
Nov	4	9	16	-1	23	-	87	66	129	11
Dec	4	6	13	-3	19	-	85	70	93	10

Above is the average precipitation and temperature in Rome, Italy.

Month	Average Sunlight (hours)	Temperature				Discomfort from heat and humidity	Relative humidity		Average Precipitation (mm)	Wet Days (+0.25 mm)
		Average		Record
		Min	Max	Min	Max		am	pm
Jan	5	6	13	-2	23	-	74	61	31	5
Feb	6	7	14	-7	21	-	71	58	39	5
March	6	9	16	1	24	-	75	60	48	8
April	7	11	18	4	28	-	73	59	43	9
May	8	14	21	5	32	-	72	59	54	8
June	9	18	25	11	35	Moderate	68	59	37	6
July	10	21	28	14	35	Medium	70	59	27	4
Aug	9	21	28	13	36	Medium	75	63	49	6
Sept	7	19	25	10	32	Moderate	79	66	76	7
Oct	5	15	21	5	28	-	77	64	86	9
Nov	4	11	16	3	25	-	75	64	52	6
Dec	4	8	13	-3	21	-	72	62	45	6

Above is the average precipitation and temperature of Barcelona, Spain.

Month	Average Sunlight (hours)	Temperature				Discomfort from heat and humidity	Relative humidity		Average Precipitation (mm)	Wet Days (+0.25 mm)
		Average		Record
		Min	Max	Min	Max		am	pm
Jan	5	7	13	-2	26	-	85	69	119	11
Feb	7	8	15	1	27	-	84	66	97	11
March	8	9	16	1	30	-	83	61	79	10
April	10	9	17	4	32	-	83	61	38	6
May	11	11	17	6	36	-	85	62	18	4
June	11	11	19	8	38	-	88	64	3	2
July	10	12	18	8	37	-	91	69	0	0
Aug	9	12	18	8	33	-	92	70	0	0
Sept	9	13	21	8	38	-	88	63	8	2
Oct	8	12	20	6	36	-	85	58	25	4
Nov	7	11	17	3	28	-	83	60	64	7
Dec	6	8	14	-3	23	-	83	68	112	10

Above is the average precipitation and temperature of San Fransisco, California.