Type of Soil in Mediterranean- 32°50'16.71"N 22°15'15.66"E

Leptosols, Cambisols, Regosols, Luvisols, Nitisols, Vertisols, Gypsisols, Calcisols are all types of soil found in the Mediterranean biome. 

Leptosols- Shallow soils over continuous rock

Cambisols- texture in the fine earth fraction of very fine sand, loamy very fine sand, or finerand soil structure or absence of rock structure in half or more of the volume of the fine earth

Regosols-  eroding landscapes, landscapes that are rejuvenating, or landscapes where erosion products are deposited mainly by gravitational forces.

Luvisols- Soils with an argic horizon, CEC ≥ 24 cmolc kg-1 clay, and base saturation ≥ 50%

 

Nitisols- high aggregate stability, mainly due to high iron content, which makes them not too vulnerable to erosion. The same high iron content is responsible for their high P-fixing capacity

 

Vertisols- occur mainly in low-lying, more or less level landscape positions where climates prevail with alternating wet-dry conditions.

Gypsisols- occur in the drier parts of the Mediterranean region, particularly in the eastern part  and North Africa. Locally they are also found in Spain.

Calcisols- calcium carbonate is present in the soil

Abiotic and Biotic Factors of the Mediterranean- 39°28'13.98"N 16°17'46.46"E

Abiotic Factors: hot, dry summers, cool-moist winters; thin, nutrient-poor soils; and periodic fires. Location: Primarily in coastal areas with Mediterranean climates. About 300 N and S of the equator.

Biotic Factors: Mostly low-lying shrubs and small trees, many plants have leathery leaves to resist water loss, many plant species have oils in leaves to help them resist fire...the fire will take out “weaker” plants that don’t belong. For animals, camouflage, to avoid predation. Food, many animals will change their diet as the season changes.

Plants in Mediterranean- 38°48'30.96"N 21°47'37.09"E

In the Mediterranean forests and shurblands, there are dry summers and mild, rainy winters. The different regions are very diverse. Mediterranean vegetation dominated by evergreen trees and sclerophyllous trees adapated to fire and to summer drought and cool moist winters.

Olive Tree (Olea europaea)
Olive trees are an evergreen tree or shurb. it rarely exceeds 50 feet. Its fruit is a small drupe that range from purple to green when harvested.




Cork Oak (Quercus suber)
This tree is native to southwest Europe and northwest Africa. It is the primary source of cork for wine bottle corks. In Western Europe the Cork Oak forests are home to endangered species such as the Iberian Lynx.



Common grose (Ulex europea)
This palnt is an evergreen shrub in the family Fabaceae, native to western Europe. It has adapted so that the seeds are also adapted to germinate after slight scorching by fire.



California Lilac (Ceanothus)
This plant is a good source of nutrients for deer along the west cost. Plants in this genus are widely distributed and can be found on dry, sunny hillsides from coastal scrub lands. It was also used as a medicine for treating lymphatic disorders, ovarian cysts, fibroid tumors, and tonsillitis.




Holly-leaved Banksia (Banksia ilicifolia)
This plant is endemic endemic to southwest Western Australia and is generally encountered as a tree. It requires a sunny position and sandy well-drained soil to do well and  favors low-lying areas.